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Book cover of the 1979 paperback edition. Hubert Dreyfus was a critic of artificial intelligence research. In a series of papers and books, including Alchemy and AI, What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) and Mind over Machine, he presented a pessimistic assessment of AI's progress and a critique of the philosophical foundations of the field.
Dreyfus was born on 15 October 1929, in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Stanley S. and Irene (Lederer) Dreyfus. [7] [8]He attended Harvard University from 1947. [9] With a senior honors thesis on Causality and Quantum Theory (for which W. V. O. Quine was the main examiner) [9] he was awarded a B.A. summa cum laude in 1951 [8] and joined Phi Beta Kappa. [10]
Generative artificial intelligence (generative AI, GenAI, [165] or GAI) is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses generative models to produce text, images, videos, or other forms of data. [ 166 ] [ 167 ] [ 168 ] These models learn the underlying patterns and structures of their training data and use them to produce new data [ 169 ...
[7] [8] For example, the criticisms fail to take into account the notion of the “deliberative rationality” of experts, which is a kind of expert reflection in action, as developed in Dreyfus and Dreyfus, Mind Over Machine [9] and further elaborated by Rousse and Dreyfus in "Revisiting the Six Stages of Skill Acquisition." [3]
Artificial intelligence research has succeeded in developing many programs that are capable of intelligently solving particular problems. However, AI research has so far not been able to produce a system with artificial general intelligence -- the ability to solve a variety of novel problems, as humans do.
Using the principles of Martin Heidegger's philosophy, Dreyfus has been critical of cognitivism from the beginning. Despite continued resistance by old-school philosophers of cognition, he felt vindicated by the growth of new approaches. When Dreyfus' ideas were first introduced in the mid-1960s, they were met with ridicule and outright hostility.
The Riemann hypothesis catastrophe thought experiment provides one example of instrumental convergence. Marvin Minsky, the co-founder of MIT's AI laboratory, suggested that an artificial intelligence designed to solve the Riemann hypothesis might decide to take over all of Earth's resources to build supercomputers to help achieve its goal. [2]
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