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Cotton covers 2.5% of the world's cultivated land but uses 10-16% of the world's pesticides (including herbicides, insecticides, and defoliants), more than any other single major crop. [ 4 ] [ 7 ] Environmental consequences of the elevated use of chemicals in the non-organic cotton growing methods include the following:
At the end of 2022, Better Cotton had over 2,563 members – 325 retailer and brand members, 2,171 supplier and manufacturer members, 17 producer organisation members, 34 civil society members and 16 associate members. [4] Better Cotton contributes towards the UN's goals to achieve better global water sustainability and sustainable agriculture. [5]
This step is a detangler, prior to carding and spinning into yarn. At this stage, the dried, finished fibers are in a form called tow, a large, untwisted bundle of continuous lengths of filament. The bundles of tow are taken to a crimper, a machine that compresses the fiber, giving it texture and bulk.
Filament yarn manufacturing; Cotton is the largest segment of textile production. Other fibers produced include synthetic fiber, filament yarn, art silk, wool, and jute. [8] Cotton: Cotton spinning is perhaps the most important segment in the Pakistan textile industry with 521 units installed and operational. [8]
Yarn is selected for different textiles based on the characteristics of the yarn fibres, such as warmth (wool), light weight (cotton or rayon), durability (nylon is added to sock yarn, for example), or softness (cashmere, alpaca). Yarn is composed of twisted strands of fiber, which are known as plies when grouped together. [19]
The cotton and textile industries play a dominant role in exports; [14] cotton accounts for 55 percent of the country's export earnings, and Pakistan has a 14% share of the world's cloth exports. [2] The European Union (EU) granted Generalized System of Preferences "Plus" status to Pakistan in 2013, which has promoted textile exports to the EU.
A blue khadi kurta.. Khadi (pronounced, Khādī), derived from khaddar, [1] [2] [3] is a hand-spun and woven natural fibre cloth promoted by Gandhi as swadeshi (of homeland) for the freedom struggle of India and the term is used throughout the Indian subcontinent [4] [5] The first piece of the hand-woven cloth was made in the Sabarmati Ashram of Gandhi during 1917–18.
Cotton yarn, cotton cloth, made-up textiles, ready-made garments, and knitwear collectively accounted for nearly 60 percent of Pakistan's exports in 1999-2000. Other important industries are cement, vegetable oil, fertilizer, sugar, steel, machinery, tobacco, paper and paperboard, chemicals, and food processing.