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White blood cells, carried to the area by the newly returning blood, release a host of inflammatory factors such as interleukins as well as free radicals in response to tissue damage. [2] The restored blood flow reintroduces oxygen within cells that damages cellular proteins, DNA, and the plasma membrane. Damage to the cell's membrane may in ...
At a cellular level, shock is the process of oxygen demand becoming greater than oxygen supply. [6] One of the key dangers of shock is that it progresses by a positive feedback loop. Poor blood supply leads to cellular damage, which results in an inflammatory response to increase blood flow to the affected area.
An increase in the age and also in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is accompanied with decrease on arterial compliance. [6] Endothelial dysfunction results in reduced compliance (increased arterial stiffness), especially in the smaller arteries. This is characteristic of patients with hypertension. However, it may be seen in normotensive ...
When resulting from blood loss, trauma is the most common root cause, but severe blood loss can also happen in various body systems without clear traumatic injury. [3] The body in hypovolemic shock prioritizes getting oxygen to the brain and heart, which reduces blood flow to nonvital organs and extremities, causing them to grow cold, look ...
[9] [12] Blood will be unable to enter the smallest vessels. [5] [7] Capillary perfusion pressure will fall. [5] [7] This, in turn, leads to a gradual lack of oxygen in the tissues that depend on this blood supply. [64] Without enough oxygen, the tissue will die. [13] On a large scale, this can cause Volkmann's contracture in the affected limbs.
Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Ischemia is generally caused by problems with blood vessels , with resultant damage to or dysfunction of tissue, i.e., hypoxia and ...
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Diagnosis of contraction alkalosis is made by correlating laboratory data with clinical history and examination. Metabolic alkalosis in the presence of decreased effective circulatory volume, loop diuretic use, or other causes of intravascular depletion such as profound diarrhea should raise suspicion for contraction alkalosis as a likely etiology in the absence of other causes.