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Whereas breastfeeding jaundice is a mechanical problem, breast milk jaundice is a biochemical occurrence and the higher bilirubin possibly acts as an antioxidant. Breast milk jaundice occurs later in the newborn period, with the bilirubin level usually peaking in the sixth to 14th days of life.
Cessation of breastfeeding before the mother had planned to stop, usually as a result of breastfeeding difficulties; Low milk supply in general; Inability to establish breastfeeding, which may be caused by delayed onset of lactation; Lactation failure can result in neonatal jaundice. [1]
Breast milk jaundice is caused by an increased concentration of β-glucuronidase in breast milk, which increases bilirubin deconjugation and reabsorption of bilirubin, leading to persistence of physiologic jaundice with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Onset of breast milk jaundice is within 2 weeks after birth and lasts for 4–13 weeks.
Individual risk factors, such as breastfeeding, are not predictive of developing severe jaundice: Breastfeeding is a risk factor for severely high levels of bilirubin, but the risk factor is very common, and the risk of severely high bilirubin remains small. [122] Breast milk jaundice is jaundice that persists despite appropriate weight gain. [40]
That normalcy often includes sore nipples, engorgement of the breasts, trouble getting baby to latch, all of which can make the process very difficult in the first couple of weeks.
Contraindications to breastfeeding are those conditions that could compromise the health of the infant if breast milk from their mother is consumed. Examples include galactosemia , untreated HIV , untreated active tuberculosis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or II , uses illicit drugs , or mothers undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment .
Breastfeeding difficulties refers to problems that arise from breastfeeding, the feeding of an infant or young child with milk from a woman's breasts.Although babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and swallow milk, and human breast milk is usually the best source of nourishment for human infants, [1] there are circumstances under which breastfeeding can be problematic, or even ...
774 Other perinatal jaundice. 774.2 Jaundice, newborn, prematurity; 774.3 Jaundice, newborn, unspec. 774.3 Lucey-Driscoll syndrome. 774.39 Jaundice, newborn, breast milk; 775 Endocrine and metabolic disturbances specific to the fetus and newborn. 775.0 Infant of diabetic mother syndrome; 775.4 Hypocalcemia; 775.6 Hypoglycemia, neonatal