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Crookes X-ray tube from around 1910 Another Crookes x-ray tube. The device attached to the neck of the tube (right) is an "osmotic softener". When the voltage applied to a Crookes tube is high enough, around 5,000 volts or greater, [16] it can accelerate the electrons to a high enough velocity to create X-rays when they hit the anode or the glass wall of the tube.
William Crookes: pioneer of vacuum tubes and the Crookes tube: A A Mamun: pioneer of nonlinear dynamics of dusty plasma physics, Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award in 2009 from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation: Linda Sugiyama: developer of numerical simulations for plasma physics, Fellow of the American Physical Society
The Crookes radiometer (also known as a light mill) consists of an airtight glass bulb containing a partial vacuum, with a set of vanes which are mounted on a spindle inside. The vanes rotate when exposed to light, with faster rotation for more intense light, providing a quantitative measurement of electromagnetic radiation intensity.
Sir William Crookes (/ k r ʊ k s /; 17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919) was an English chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, [1] now part of Imperial College London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tube, which was made in 1875. This was a foundational discovery that ...
A cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams that are manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen. [2] The images may represent electrical waveforms on an oscilloscope , a frame of video on an analog television set (TV), digital raster graphics on a computer monitor , or ...
Cathode rays are invisible, but their presence was first detected in these Crookes tubes when they struck the glass wall of the tube, exciting the atoms of the glass coating and causing them to emit light, a glow called fluorescence. Researchers noticed that objects placed in the tube in front of the cathode could cast a shadow on the glowing ...
X-ray tubes evolved from experimental Crookes tubes with which X-rays were first discovered on November 8, 1895, by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. The first-generation cold cathode or Crookes X-ray tubes were used until the 1920s. These tubes work by ionisation of residual gas within the tube.
English: Schematic diagram of a Crookes tube. This was a cold cathode discharge tube invented by William Crookes and other physicists around the 1870s in which cathode rays (electrons) were discovered. It consisted of a partially evacuated glass tube with two electrodes.