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Garbage collection may take a significant proportion of a program's total processing time, and affect performance as a result. Resources other than memory, such as network sockets , database handles , windows , file descriptors, and device descriptors, are not typically handled by garbage collection, but rather by other methods (e.g. destructors ).
For work based analysis, MMU (minimal mutator utilization) [9] is usually used as a real-time constraint for the garbage collection algorithm. One of the first implementations of hard real-time garbage collection for the JVM was based on the Metronome algorithm, [10] whose commercial implementation is available as part of the IBM WebSphere Real ...
By tracking unused pages, the need for garbage collection (and a garbage collection phase that would consume CPU cycles) is completely avoided. Transactions that need new pages are first given pages from this unused free pages tree; only after these are used up will it expand into formerly unused areas of the underlying memory-mapped file.
Garbage is generally classified into two types: syntactic garbage, any object or data which is within a program's memory space but unreachable from the program's root set; and semantic garbage, any object or data which is never accessed by a running program for any combination of program inputs.
In computer science, garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) is the concept that flawed, biased or poor quality ("garbage") information or input produces a result or output of similar ("garbage") quality. The adage points to the need to improve data quality in, for example, programming. Rubbish in, rubbish out (RIRO) is an alternate wording. [1] [2] [3]
The distinct values are stored in a string intern pool. The single copy of each string is called its intern and is typically looked up by a method of the string class, for example String.intern() [2] in Java. All compile-time constant strings in Java are automatically interned using this method. [3]
As of 2011, 92% of the questions were answered, in a median time of 11 minutes. [ 36 ] As of August 2012 [update] , 443,000 of the 1.3 million registered users had answered at least one question, and of those, approximately 6,000 (0.46% of the total user count) had earned a reputation score greater than 5000. [ 37 ]
A new frame is created each time a method is called, and the frame is destroyed when that method exits. Each frame provides an "operand stack" and an array of "local variables". The operand stack is used for operands to run computations and for receiving the return value of a called method, while local variables serve the same purpose as ...