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The earliest transformation languages predate the advent of XML as an SGML profile, and thus accept input in arbitrary SGML rather than specifically XML. These include the SGML-to-SGML link process definition (LPD) format defined as part of the SGML standard itself; in SGML (but not XML), the LPD file can be referenced from the document itself by a LINKTYPE declaration, similarly to the ...
Other document markup languages are partly related to SGML and XML, but—because they cannot be parsed or validated or otherwise processed using standard SGML and XML tools—they are not considered either SGML or XML languages; the Z Format markup language for typesetting and documentation is an example.
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a meta markup language that is very widely used. XML was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium in a committee created and chaired by Jon Bosak. The main purpose of XML was to simplify SGML by focusing on a particular problem — documents on the Internet. [23]
In computing, FOSI (Formatting Output Specification Instance) is a stylesheet language for SGML and, later, XML. FOSI was developed by the US Department of Defense to control the pagination and layout of SGML and XML technical data. FOSI stylesheets are themselves written in SGML, an approach that would later be adopted by XSL.
XML is a profile of an ISO standard, SGML, and most of XML comes from SGML unchanged. From SGML comes the separation of logical and physical structures (elements and entities), the availability of grammar-based validation (DTDs), the separation of data and metadata (elements and attributes), mixed content, the separation of processing from ...
A processing instruction (PI) is an SGML and XML node type, which may occur anywhere in a document, intended to carry instructions to the application. [1] [2]Processing instructions are exposed in the Document Object Model as Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE, and they can be used in XPath and XQuery with the 'processing-instruction()' command.
An SGML document is a text document with SGML markup defined in an SGML prologue (i.e., the DTD and subdocuments). A complete SGML document comprises not only the document instance itself, but also the prologue and, optionally, the SGML declaration (which defines the document's markup syntax and declares the character encoding). [1]
This article lists the character entity references that are valid in HTML and XML documents. A character entity reference refers to the content of a named entity. An entity declaration is created in XML, SGML and HTML documents (before HTML5) by using the <!ENTITY name "value"> syntax in a Document type definition (DTD).