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The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, [1] thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material, as induced by the Seebeck effect. [2]
The Seebeck coefficients generally vary as function of temperature and depend strongly on the composition of the conductor. For ordinary materials at room temperature, the Seebeck coefficient may range in value from −100 μV/K to +1,000 μV/K (see Seebeck coefficient article for more information).
The Seebeck coefficient of this material was also found to increase with increasing temperature up to around 200 °C. [ 113 ] Groundbreaking research has also been done towards the use of selective laser sintering (SLS) for the production of thermoelectric materials.
where is the local conductivity, S is the Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower), a property of the local material, and is the temperature gradient. In application, thermoelectric modules in power generation work in very tough mechanical and thermal conditions.
Today, this effect is known as the Peltier–Seebeck effect. The voltage produced is proportional to the temperature difference between the two junctions. The proportionality constant (a) is known as the Seebeck coefficient, and often referred to as the thermoelectric power or thermopower. The Seebeck voltage does not depend on the distribution ...
The thermopower, or Seebeck coefficient, of a material, which governs its thermoelectric properties (a misnomer, as this quantity has units of voltage per unit temperature) The power output of a thermoelectric generator that uses the Seebeck effect; Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
Impurities affect each batch of metal differently, producing variable Seebeck coefficients. To match the standard behaviour, thermocouple wire manufacturers will deliberately mix in additional impurities to "dope" the alloy, compensating for uncontrolled variations in source material. [5]
The performance of thermoelectric materials can be evaluated by the figure of merit, = /, in which is the Seebeck coefficient, is the electrical conductivity and is the thermal conductivity. In order to improve the thermoelectric performance of materials, the power factor ( S 2 σ {\displaystyle S^{2}\sigma } ) needs to be maximized and the ...