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The Acropolis at Athens (1846) by Leo von Klenze.Athena's name probably comes from the name of the city of Athens. [4] [5]Athena is associated with the city of Athens. [4] [6] The name of the city in ancient Greek is Ἀθῆναι (Athȇnai), a plural toponym, designating the place where—according to myth—she presided over the Athenai, a sisterhood devoted to her worship. [5]
The new building was not intended to become a temple, but a treasury meant to house the colossal chryselephantine statue of Athena Parthenos. [1] It is even likely that the statue project preceded the building project. [9] This was an offering from the city to the goddess, but not a statue of worship: there was no priestess of Athena Parthenos. [7]
For the ancient Greeks, physical beauty was identified with moral perfection, in a concept known as kalokagathia. According to this, the education and cultivation of the body were as important as the improvement of the character, both being essential for the formation of a happy individual and an integrated citizen useful to society.
Fronton of the temple of Athena in Corcyra depicting a Gorgon in the Knielauf (running-kneeling) pose characteristic of Archaic Greek art, c. 580 BC. Detail of the frieze of the Treasury of Siphno, at Delphi, c. 525 BC. Warrior from the west pediment of the temple of Athena Aphia, in Aegina, c. 505–490 BCE.
In Roman mythology, Athena was identified with Minerva, who shared many of the traits and characteristics of her Greek counterpart. [14] In relating the Judgement of Paris for Roman audiences, Ovid varies from the Greek traditions regarding Athena by describing Juno, Minerva, and Venus, stripped naked for the Trojan prince's evaluation. [15]
The Erechtheion [2] (/ ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə n /, latinized as Erechtheum / ɪ ˈ r ɛ k θ i ə m, ˌ ɛ r ɪ k ˈ θ iː ə m /; Ancient Greek: Ἐρέχθειον, Greek: Ερέχθειο) or Temple of Athena Polias [3] is an ancient Greek Ionic temple on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess Athena.
The Lemnian Athena, or Athena Lemnia, was a classical Greek statue of the goddess Athena that stood on the Acropolis of Athens. According to the traveler Pausanias , who visited Athens in the 2nd century CE, the statue was created by Pheidias , a sculptor of the 5th century BCE, and dedicated by the inhabitants of the island of Lemnos . [ 1 ]
The Mourning Athena. The so-called Mourning Athena (or Greek: Σκεπτομένη Αθηνά "Pensive Athena") is an Athenian marble relief dated circa 460 BC which depicts Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom and warfare and patron-deity of the city of Athens.