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Rice bran oil is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called chaff (rice husk). It is popular as a cooking oil in the Indian subcontinent and East Asian countries, including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Southern China, and Malaysia. [citation needed]
Chaff (/ tʃ æ f /; also UK: / tʃ ɑː f /) [1] is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective seed casings of cereal grains, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw. Chaff cannot be digested by humans, but it may be fed to livestock , ploughed into soil, or burned.
The chaff of a local grain, be it rice chaff or oat chaff, is softer but less abundant. Reeds, bracken, seaweed, and esparto grass have also been used. [3] Horsehair and flock make for firmer beds. [4] Rags have also been used. [7]
This kind of rice sheds its outer hull or husk but the bran and germ layer remain on, constituting the brown or tan colour of rice. White rice is the same grain without the hull, the bran layer, and the cereal germ. Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (also called purple rice) are all whole rice with differently pigmented outer layers. [1]
Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed. In the United States, the term husk often refers to the leafy outer covering of an ear of maize (corn) as it grows on the plant. Literally, a husk or hull includes the protective outer covering of a seed, fruit , or vegetable .
Detailed illustration of the different parts constituting a wheat kernel. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant; [1] it is the seed embryo. [2] Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products.
A rice huller or rice husker is an agricultural machine used to automate the process of removing the chaff (the outer husks) of grains of rice. Throughout history, there have been numerous techniques to hull rice. Traditionally, it would be pounded using some form of mortar and pestle. An early simple machine to do this is a rice pounder.
A refined grain is defined as having undergone a process that removes the bran, germ and husk of the grain and leaves the endosperm, or starchy interior. [1] Examples of refined grains include white bread, white flour, corn grits and white rice. [2] Refined grains are milled which gives a finer texture and improved shelf life. [3]