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DNA vaccines induce antigen production in the host. It is a plasmid that contains a viral, bacterial or parasite gene. The animal's immune system recognises the expressed protein as foreign, and this can lead to a cellular or humeral response. DNA vaccines overcomes the safety concerns of live-attenuated vaccines.
Lumpi-ProVacInd is a live attenuated vaccine for cattle, developed by the team of scientists led by Dr. Naveen Kumar, principal scientist at National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures (NCVTC) National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, in collaboration with Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, both under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research [1] [2] for prevention of Lumpy ...
A separate vaccine is available for protection against botulism if required. Leptospirosis vaccine is available as a double vaccine that protects against both L. hardjo and L. pomona bacterium, or is also available in a 7in1 vaccine that combines with the clostridial 5in1 vaccine into one vaccination. [8]
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A marker vaccine is a vaccine which allows for immunological differentiation (or segregation) of infected from vaccinated animals, and is also referred to as a DIVA (or SIVA) vaccine [Differentiation (or Segregation) of infected from vaccinated animals] in veterinary medicine. [1]
Edward Jenner (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae ('pustules of the cow'), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox .
Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus (CPXV). [2] It presents with large blisters in the skin, a fever and swollen glands, historically typically following contact with an infected cow, though in the last several decades more often (though overall rarely) from infected cats. [3]
A clostridial vaccine is a vaccine for sheep and cattle that protects against diseases caused by toxins produced by an infection with one or more Clostridium bacteria. [1] Clostridial vaccines are often administered to pregnant ewes a few weeks before they are due to give birth, in order to give passive immunity to their lambs. [ 1 ]