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The safety profile of fexofenadine is quite favorable, as no cardiovascular or sedative effects have been shown to occur even when taking 10 times the recommended dose. [25] Research on humans ranges from a single 800-mg dose, to a twice-daily, 690-mg dose for a month, with no clinically significant adverse effects, when compared to a placebo.
It contains fexofenadine, as the hydrochloride, an antihistamine; and pseudoephedrine, as the hydrochloride, a nasal decongestant. [ 2 ] In 2021, it was the 279th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever), dermatitis, and urticaria (hives). [11] It is taken by mouth. [12] Effects generally begin within thirty minutes and last for about a day. [12]
[24] [2] [25] [1] As such, it is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic. [24] [2] [25] [1] Pseudoephedrine significantly crosses into the brain, but has some peripheral selectivity due to its hydrophilicity. [25] [26] Chemically, pseudoephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and is closely related to ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and amphetamine.
Diphenhydramine, available in various salt forms, [76] such as citrate, [77] [78] hydrochloride, [79] and salicylate, [80] exhibits distinct molecular weights and pharmacokinetic properties. Specifically, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine citrate possess molecular weights of 291.8 g/mol [ 81 ] and 447.5 g/mol , [ 82 ] respectively.
It was developed in Czechoslovakia [2] and sold in hydrochloride form as an antihistamine (Alfadryl). It is, with 8-chlorotheophylline , a component of cocrystal/salt moxastine teoclate (mephenhydrinate) used as antiemetic (Theadryl; Kinedryl (with caffeine)).