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Collusion often takes place within an oligopoly market structure, where there are few firms and agreements that have significant impacts on the entire market or industry. To differentiate from a cartel , collusive agreements between parties may not be explicit; however, the implications of cartels and collusion are the same.
In economics, market concentration is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity or total reserves) in a market. [1] Market concentration is the portion of a given market's market share that is held by a small number of businesses.
Neelie Kroes said she was "very disappointed" that the collusion took place at the very highest (boardroom) level. She added, Heineken , Grolsch , Bavaria and InBev tried to cover their tracks by using code names and abbreviations for secret meetings to carve up the market for beer sold to supermarkets , hotels , restaurants and cafes .
Where supermarket developers have neglected some urban neighborhoods, city governments and non-profits can work together to market the potential of inner city areas to grocery store executives. In 2005, Chicago’s planning department provided an information guide with a database of suitable land parcels to executives at a grocers’ expo.
The collusion of government officials and entrepreneurs [1] (simplified Chinese: 官商勾结; traditional Chinese: 官商勾結), or government–commercial corruption, [2] official-business collusion, [3] most generally translated as government-business collusion, [4] is a term with a negative connotation [5] that generally refers to the government or individual officials who show favoritism ...
High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation is a 2010 United States Department of Justice (DOJ) antitrust action and a 2013 civil class action against several Silicon Valley companies for alleged "no cold call" agreements which restrained the recruitment of high-tech employees.
The bread price-fixing scandal in Canada refers to a group of competing bread producers, retailers and supermarket chains reached a secret agreement among themselves to artificially inflate the price of bread at the wholesale and retail levels from late 2001 to 2015 [1] (some sources stated that the price fixing continued into 2017 [2]).
This form of collusion is illegal in most countries. It is a form of price fixing and market allocation, often practiced where contracts are determined by a call for bids, for example in the case of government construction contracts. The typical objective of bid rigging is to enable the "winning" party to obtain contracts at uncompetitive ...