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In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a graph labeling is the assignment of labels, traditionally represented by integers, to edges and/or vertices of a graph. [ 1 ] Formally, given a graph G = ( V , E ) , a vertex labeling is a function of V to a set of labels; a graph with such a function defined is called a vertex-labeled graph .
A mathematical game is a game whose rules, strategies, and outcomes are defined by clear mathematical parameters. [ 1 ] [ verification needed ] [ clarification needed ] Often, such games have simple rules and match procedures, such as tic-tac-toe and dots and boxes .
The unique games conjecture states that for every sufficiently small pair of constants ε, δ > 0, there exists a constant k such that the following promise problem (L yes, L no) is NP-hard: L yes = {G: the value of G is at least 1 − δ} L no = {G: the value of G is at most ε} where G is a unique game whose answers come from a set of size k.
Mathematical puzzles require mathematics to solve them. Logic puzzles are a common type of mathematical puzzle. Conway's Game of Life and fractals, as two examples, may also be considered mathematical puzzles even though the solver interacts with them only at the beginning by providing a set of initial conditions. After these conditions are set ...
Pen-and-paper role-playing games include, for example, Dungeons & Dragons and GURPS. The term role-playing game has also been appropriated by the video game industry to describe a genre of video games. These may be single-player games where one player experiences a programmed environment and story, or they may allow players to interact through ...
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Determined game (or Strictly determined game) In game theory, a strictly determined game is a two-player zero-sum game that has at least one Nash equilibrium with both players using pure strategies. [2] [3] Dictator A player is a strong dictator if he can guarantee any outcome regardless of the other players.
Some of the more well-known topics in recreational mathematics are Rubik's Cubes, magic squares, fractals, logic puzzles and mathematical chess problems, but this area of mathematics includes the aesthetics and culture of mathematics, peculiar or amusing stories and coincidences about mathematics, and the personal lives of mathematicians.