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  2. Off-by-one error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-by-one_error

    The correct number of sections for a fence is n − 1 if the fence is a free-standing line segment bounded by a post at each of its ends (e.g., a fence between two passageway gaps), n if the fence forms one complete, free-standing loop (e.g., enclosure accessible by surmounting, such as a boxing ring), or n + 1 if posts do not occur at the ends ...

  3. Type I and type II errors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_and_type_II_errors

    For example, if the p-value of a test statistic result is estimated at 0.0596, then there is a probability of 5.96% that we falsely reject H 0. Or, if we say, the statistic is performed at level α, like 0.05, then we allow to falsely reject H 0 at 5%. A significance level α of 0.05 is relatively common, but there is no general rule that fits ...

  4. Out-of-bag error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-bag_error

    When bootstrap aggregating is performed, two independent sets are created. One set, the bootstrap sample, is the data chosen to be "in-the-bag" by sampling with replacement.

  5. Mean squared error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_squared_error

    The MSE is the second moment (about the origin) of the error, and thus incorporates both the variance of the estimator (how widely spread the estimates are from one data sample to another) and its bias (how far off the average estimated value is from the true value). [citation needed] For an unbiased estimator, the MSE is the variance of the ...

  6. Parameter (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter_(computer...

    An output parameter, also known as an out parameter or return parameter, is a parameter used for output, rather than the more usual use for input. Using call by reference parameters, or call by value parameters where the value is a reference, as output parameters is an idiom in some languages, notably C and C++, [ b ] while other languages have ...

  7. Parameter space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameter_space

    In complex dynamics, the parameter space is the complex plane C = { z = x + y i : x, y ∈ R}, where i 2 = −1. The famous Mandelbrot set is a subset of this parameter space, consisting of the points in the complex plane which give a bounded set of numbers when a particular iterated function is repeatedly applied from that starting point. The ...

  8. GHS hazard statements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements

    EUH201A: Warning! Contains lead. EUH202: Cyanoacrylate. Danger. Bonds skin and eyes in seconds. Keep out of the reach of children. EUH203: Contains chromium(VI). May produce an allergic reaction. EUH204: Contains isocyanates. May produce an allergic reaction. EUH205: Contains epoxy constituents. May produce an allergic reaction. EUH206: Warning!

  9. Observational error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error

    Some errors are not clearly random or systematic such as the uncertainty in the calibration of an instrument. [4] Random errors or statistical errors in measurement lead to measurable values being inconsistent between repeated measurements of a constant attribute or quantity are taken. Random errors create measurement uncertainty.