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The wetted perimeter is the perimeter of the cross sectional area that is "wet". [1] The length of line of the intersection of channel wetted surface with a cross sectional plane normal to the flow direction.
P is the wetted perimeter of the cross-section. More intuitively, the hydraulic diameter can be understood as a function of the hydraulic radius R H, which is defined as the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted perimeter. Here, the wetted perimeter includes all surfaces acted upon by shear stress from the fluid. [3]
This is the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted perimeter. For a semi-circular channel, it is a quarter of the diameter (in case of full pipe flow). For a rectangular channel, the hydraulic radius is the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter.
This means the greater the hydraulic radius, the larger volume of water the channel can carry. Based on the 'constant shear stress at the boundary' assumption, [6] hydraulic radius is defined as the ratio of the channel's cross-sectional area of the flow to its wetted perimeter (the portion of the cross-section's perimeter that is "wet"):
Where pf is the free perimeter of the channel (i.e., the interface not in contact with the channel wall), and pw is the wetted perimeter [citation needed] (i.e., the walls in contact with the fluid), and θ is the contact angle of the fluid on the material of the device. [1] [5]
For free surfaces (such as in open-channel flow), the wetted perimeter includes only the walls in contact with the fluid. [ 3 ] Similarly, in the combustion chamber of a rocket engine , the characteristic length L ∗ {\displaystyle L^{*}} is defined as the chamber volume divided by the throat area. [ 4 ]
Closed channel flows are generally governed by the principles of channel flow as the liquid flowing possesses free surface inside the conduit. [1] However, the convergence of the boundary to the top imparts some special characteristics to the flow like closed channel flows have a finite depth at which maximum discharge occurs. [ 2 ]
According to Strahler’s stream ordering system, all source areas drain into a primary channel, by the definition of a primary channel. [4] Bras et al. (1991) [5] describe the conditions that are necessary for channel formation. Channel formation is a concept intimately tied to the formation and evolution of a drainage system and influence the ...