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The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than 1.6 million workers [1] from British India were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labour, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century.
These servants arrived from across the globe; the majority came from India where many indentured laborers came from to work in colonies requiring manual labor. As a result, today Indo-Caribbean people make up a plurality in Guyana , Trinidad and Tobago and Suriname , and a substantial minority in Jamaica , Grenada , Barbados , St Lucia and ...
Indian civil servants includes five principal sub-categories of officials: Administrators in India in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Administrators of British India who came as servants of the English East India Company before the formation of the ICS in 1853 .
Indian Administrative Service; Indian Forest Service; Indian Police Service; Technocrats and Academic Administrators who have held official positions of the Government of India and the respective state governments of the Indian Union. For lists of civil servants of respective cadres see: List of Chief Secretaries of Rajasthan
Chief Election Commissioner of India Subhas Chandra Bose: 1920 1921 1921(Resignation) 4th Y. N. Sukthankar (later CIE) 1921 Second Cabinet Secretary of India: Sudhansu Kumar Das: 1921 Acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India: K. P. S. Menon: 1922 1st First Foreign Secretary (India) Nilakanta Mahadeva Iyer (later CIE) 1922 Binay Ranjan ...
Indentured servants could not marry without the permission of their master, were frequently subject to physical punishment, and did not receive legal favor from the courts. Female indentured servants in particular might be raped and/or sexually abused by their masters. If children were produced the labour would be extended by two years. [14]
Indo-Guyanese or Guyanese Indians, are Guyanese nationals of Indian origin who trace their ancestry to India and the wider subcontinent.They are the descendants of indentured servants and settlers who migrated from India beginning in 1838, and continuing during the British Raj.
Indian workers were actually paid less than the ex-slaves, who were of West African origin. While slaves obviously were not paid for their labour, when they were emancipated in the 1830s, their wages were more than those given to Indian indentured servants. Indian immigrants therefore undercut the wages of the ex-slaves.