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An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
Autosomal genetic studies have confirmed that Basques share close genetic ties to other Europeans, especially with Spaniards, who have a common genetic identity of over 70 % with Basques, a homogeneity amongst both their Spanish and French populations, according to high-density SNP genotyping study done in May 2010, and a genomic ...
There are a number of Basque breeds and cultivars. These are domesticated animals that have been bred - or plant species cultivated - for particular traits and features by Basque people in the Basque Country. Some, such as the Alano Español, are not originally Basque but have only survived in the Basque Country.
The Basques (/ b ɑː s k s / BAHSKS or / b æ s k s / BASKS; Basque: euskaldunak [eus̺kaldunak]; Spanish: vascos; French: basques ⓘ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, [6] [7] [8] characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians.
The wise use of crop genetic diversity in plant breeding and genetic modification can also contribute significantly to protecting the biodiversity in crops. Crop varieties can be genetically modified to resist specific pests and diseases. For example, a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a natural insecticide toxin.
Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele.
Ecological genetics examines these changes in natural populations, focusing on how environmental factors drive genetic variation. Four key mechanisms that drive genetic variation, includes; natural selection, adaptation, gene flow, and genetic drift. These four mechanisms play central roles in this allele frequency change.
Genetic variability is either the presence of, or the generation of, genetic differences. It is defined as "the formation of individuals differing in genotype , or the presence of genotypically different individuals, in contrast to environmentally induced differences which, as a rule, cause only temporary, nonheritable changes of the phenotype ."