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If F is a field, then the only maximal ideal is {0}. In the ring Z of integers, the maximal ideals are the principal ideals generated by a prime number. More generally, all nonzero prime ideals are maximal in a principal ideal domain. The ideal (,) is a maximal ideal in ring [].
More generally, if F is a local ring and n is a positive integer, then the quotient ring F[X]/(X n) is local with maximal ideal consisting of the classes of polynomials with constant term belonging to the maximal ideal of F, since one can use a geometric series to invert all other polynomials modulo X n.
Maximal ideal: A proper ideal I is called a maximal ideal if there exists no other proper ideal J with I a proper subset of J. The factor ring of a maximal ideal is a simple ring in general and is a field for commutative rings. [12] Minimal ideal: A nonzero ideal is called minimal if it contains no other nonzero ideal.
Still more generally, if A is a regular local ring, then the formal power series ring A[[x]] is regular local. If Z is the ring of integers and X is an indeterminate, the ring Z[X] (2, X) (i.e. the ring Z[X] localized in the prime ideal (2, X) ) is an example of a 2-dimensional regular local ring which does not contain a field.
Another important example of a DVR is the ring of formal power series = [[]] in one variable over some field .The "unique" irreducible element is , the maximal ideal of is the principal ideal generated by , and the valuation assigns to each power series the index (i.e. degree) of the first non-zero coefficient.
For example, x, y(1-x), z(1-x) is a regular sequence in the polynomial ring C[x, y, z], while y(1-x), z(1-x), x is not a regular sequence. But if R is a Noetherian local ring and the elements r i are in the maximal ideal, or if R is a graded ring and the r i are homogeneous of positive degree, then any permutation of a regular sequence is a ...
Frequently, is a local ring and is then its unique maximal ideal. In abstract algebra, the splitting field of a polynomial is constructed using residue fields. Residue fields also applied in algebraic geometry , where to every point x {\displaystyle x} of a scheme X {\displaystyle X} one associates its residue field k ( x ) {\displaystyle k(x ...
Thus, points in n-space, thought of as the max spec of = [, …,], correspond precisely to 1-dimensional representations of R, while finite sets of points correspond to finite-dimensional representations (which are reducible, corresponding geometrically to being a union, and algebraically to not being a prime ideal). The non-maximal ideals then ...