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The hadith of the thaqalayn (Arabic: حديث الثقلين, lit. 'saying of the two treasures') refers to a statement, attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, that introduces the Quran, the principal religious text in Islam, and his progeny as the only two sources of divine guidance after his death.
In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. [1] [2] In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five. [3]
[49] Pointing to authentic traditions in Sunni and Shia sources, [50] [51] [24] Shia Islam limits the Ahl al-Bayt to Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] There are various views in Sunni Islam, though a typical compromise is to include also Muhammad's wives in the Ahl al-Bayt, [ 52 ] perhaps because the ...
Shia Islam limits the Ahl al-Bayt to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, her husband Ali, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn. [3] [4] There are various views in Sunni Islam, though a typical compromise is to include also Muhammad's wives in the Ahl al-Bayt. [5]
661–680) and his son Yazid I, Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) and his four sons, and Umar II (r. 717–720). The second proposal of al-Qastallani is that the hadith may refer to twelve concurrent claimants to the caliphate who supposedly competed for power in the eleventh century.
The two most prominent branches that emerged from these divisions are Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. Sunni Islam asserts that Abu Bakr rightfully succeeded Muhammad through a process of election. In contrast, Shia Islam maintains that Ali ibn Abi Talib was Muhammad's designated successor.
The common view is that the Islamic prophet Muhammad had three sons, named Abd Allah, Ibrahim, and Qasim, and four daughters, named Fatima, Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum, and Zaynab. The children of Muhammad are said to have been born to his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid , except his son Ibrahim, who was born to Maria al-Qibtiyya .
Shia Islam limits the Ahl al-Bayt to the Ahl al-Kisa, namely, Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, her husband Ali, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn. [5] [6] There are various interpretations in Sunni Islam, though a typical compromise is to also include Muhammad's wives in the Ahl al-Bayt. [7]