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Renamed first as ‘Raw Materials Division’ and then as ‘Atomic Minerals Division’ in 1958, it was shifted to Hyderabad in 1974. [1] On 29 July 1998 it underwent the latest name change as 'Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research' to assert its status as a premier geological exploration and research organisation.
Trinitite, in common with several similar naturally occurring minerals, is a melt glass. [46] While trinitite and materials of similar formation processes such as lavinite are anthropogenic, fulgurites , found in many thunderstorm -prone regions and in deserts , are naturally-formed, glassy materials and are generated by lightning striking ...
Nickel has two atomic electron configurations, [Ar] 3d 8 4s 2 and [Ar] 3d 9 4s 1, which are very close in energy; [Ar] denotes the complete argon core structure. There is some disagreement on which configuration has the lower energy. [23] Chemistry textbooks quote nickel's electron configuration as [Ar] 4s 2 3d 8, [24] also written [Ar] 3d 8 4s ...
By definition, minerals have a characteristic atomic arrangement. Weakness in this crystalline structure causes planes of weakness, and the breakage of a mineral along such planes is termed cleavage. The quality of cleavage can be described based on how cleanly and easily the mineral breaks; common descriptors, in order of decreasing quality ...
Antimony is a chemical element; it has symbol Sb (from Latin stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb 2 S 3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl. [11]
In 1839 the third source for rare earths became available. This is a mineral similar to gadolinite called uranotantalum (now called "samarskite") an oxide of a mixture of elements such as yttrium, ytterbium, iron, uranium, thorium, calcium, niobium, and tantalum. This mineral from Miass in the southern Ural Mountains was documented by Gustav Rose.
The mineral is used in cosmetics and food [9] to add "shimmer" or "frost". Properties and structure ... atomic force microscopy and as window sheets.
Terbium is not distinguished from other rare earths in the United States Geological Survey's Mineral Commodity Summaries, which in 2024 estimated the global reserves of rare earth minerals at 110,000,000 tonnes (2.4 × 10 11 lb).