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The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic promontory. The Main Ridge has a sharp crest with peaks over 400 metres (1,300 ft) above sea level, formed by Early Jurassic limestones and dolomites. [5] It is a deeply eroded and highly faulted limb of an overturned fold. The sedimentary strata composing the Rock of Gibraltar are
A cricket ground is known to have existed north of the Rock of Gibraltar in 1800. Civilians were playing the game as well as servicemen by 1822. The Gibraltar Cricket Club was formed in 1883, and formed the backbone of civilian cricket until well into the 20th Century.
Gibraltar's recorded history began around 950 BC with the Phoenicians amongst the first to recognise and worship the genius loci of the place, followed by various evidence from the ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Carthaginians and Romans. There is also evidence of shrines built on the Rock of Gibraltar to Hercules.
Gibraltarians encircle The Rock during the tercentenary of British Gibraltar, 4 August 2004. Gibraltarians ( Spanish : gibraltareños , colloquially: llanitos ) are an ethnic group native to Gibraltar , a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea .
The European Pillar of Hercules: the Rock of Gibraltar (foreground), with the North African shore and Jebel Musa in the background. Jebel Musa, one of the candidates for the North African Pillar of Hercules, as seen from Tarifa, at the other shore of the Strait of Gibraltar. Jebel Musa and the Rock of Gibraltar seen from the Mediterranean Sea.
The Rock of Gibraltar was first occupied by Muslim forces in 711 AD, when Berber troops from North Africa, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, landed at its foot. [4] This event is known as the beginning of the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. [5] The name "Gibraltar" is derived from the Arabic name "Jebel Tariq," meaning "Tariq's Mountain."
The demographics of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' racial and cultural fusion of the many European and non-European immigrants who came to the Rock over three hundred years. They are the descendants of economic migrants that came to Gibraltar after the majority of the Spanish population left in 1704.
The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to some 34,003 people, primarily Gibraltarians. Gibraltar was founded as a permanent watchtower by the Almohads in 1160.