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Closed chain exercises are often compound movements, that generally incur compressive forces, while open-chain exercises are often isolation movements that promote more shearing forces. [ 1 ] CKC exercises involve more than one muscle group and joint simultaneously rather than concentrating solely on one, as many OKC exercises do (single-joint ...
A U.S. marine performing a pull-up. A pull-up is an upper-body strength exercise.The pull-up is a closed-chain movement where the body is suspended by the hands, gripping a bar or other implement at a distance typically wider than shoulder-width, and pulled up.
Full scapular protraction (the plus) is added after full elbow extension at the end of the usual push-up exercise. The plus phase during the PUP exercise has been shown to elicit the highest average serratus anterior electromyographic (EMG) activity when compared with other SA-activating and closed kinetic chain exercises. [11]
Cable pull-down exercise to the front with a medium-width overhand (pronated) grip. The pull-down exercise is a strength training exercise designed to develop the latissimus dorsi muscle. It performs the functions of downward rotation and depression of the scapulae combined with adduction and extension of the shoulder joint.
Active exercises include the Pendulum exercise, which is used to strengthen the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Subscapularis. [9] External rotation of the shoulder with the arm at a 90-degree angle is an additional exercise done to increase control and range of motion of the Infraspinatus and Teres minor muscles.
Exercises that strengthen the back muscles include rows, pull-ups, and shoulder blade squeezes. Exercises like doorway stretches for the chest can help stretch out tension that contributes to rounded shoulders. Synergistically implementing muscle strengthening and stretching can effectively prevent the development of rounded shoulders. [47] [48]
Muscle groups such as serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboid major/minor need to be strengthened to allow for shoulder function. By stabilizing these muscles there is more alignment which causes a reduction in strain and protects the joints. Glenohumeral exercises are focused around strengthening the rotator cuff muscles.
This exercise is an isolation exercise that heavily works the posterior deltoid muscle. The movement is primarily limited to the two shoulder joints: the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic joint. Scapular movement will also cause movement in the sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint. If the elbow bends during the extension ...