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The clade Ceratopsidae was in 1998 defined by Paul Sereno as the group including the last common ancestor of Pachyrhinosaurus and Triceratops; and all its descendants. [17] In 2004, it was by Peter Dodson defined to include Triceratops, Centrosaurus, and all descendants of their most recent common ancestor. [18]
Triceratops were herbivorous and, because of their low slung head, their primary food was probably low growing vegetation, although they may have been able to knock down taller plants with their horns, beak, and sheer bulk. [30] [58] The jaws were tipped with a deep, narrow beak, believed to have been better at grasping and plucking than biting ...
Size comparison. Sinoceratops was a large ceratopsian, with an estimated length of 5 metres (16 ft) and body mass of 2 tonnes (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons). [5] It has a short, hooked horn on its nose (called a nasal horn), no horns above its eyes (brow horns), and a short neck frill with a series of forward-curving hornlets that gave the frill a crown-like appearance.
One exceptionally large specimen later became its own genus, Titanoceratops, due to its more derived morphology, similarities to Triceratops, and lack of unique characteristics shared with Pentaceratops. [2] [3] Pentaceratops was about 5.5–6 meters (18–20 ft) long, and has been estimated to have weighed around 2.5 metric tons (2.8 short tons).
A chasmosaurine ceratopsid that may be a specimen of Triceratops. †Ojoceratops †Ojoceratops fowleri; 68 Ma Ojo Alamo Formation, New Mexico, USA A chasmosaurine ceratopsid, possibly synonymous with Triceratops or Eotriceratops. †Pachyrhinosaurus †Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis †Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai †Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t ɒ p s i ə / or / ˌ s ɛr ə ˈ t oʊ p i ə /; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Asia and Europe, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Late Jurassic of Asia.
Mounted skeletons of Tyrannosaurus (left) and Apatosaurus (right) at the AMNH. Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.
The nasal horn was low, situated above the nostril and slightly recurved. It had a narrow rear edge and a transversely flattened point. The horns above the eyes were forward-curving and have been estimated at 80 cm (2.6 ft) long. The lower base of these horns was narrow and vertically directed, which with Triceratops is a juvenile trait. Three ...