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The loss incurred on this batch is the multi-class N-pair loss, [14] which is a symmetric cross-entropy loss over similarity scores: / / / / In essence, this loss function encourages the dot product between matching image and text vectors to be high, while discouraging high dot products between non-matching pairs.
The loss function is defined using triplets of training points of the form (,,).In each triplet, (called an "anchor point") denotes a reference point of a particular identity, (called a "positive point") denotes another point of the same identity in point , and (called a "negative point") denotes an point of an identity different from the identity in point and .
The loss function in contrastive learning is used to minimize the distance between positive sample pairs, while maximizing the distance between negative sample pairs. [9] An early example uses a pair of 1-dimensional convolutional neural networks to process a pair of images and maximize their agreement. [10]
In machine learning and mathematical optimization, loss functions for classification are computationally feasible loss functions representing the price paid for inaccuracy of predictions in classification problems (problems of identifying which category a particular observation belongs to). [1]
Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. [3] It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyTorch, a port of the library to Python. [4] [5] [6]
Learning in twin networks can be done with triplet loss or contrastive loss. For learning by triplet loss a baseline vector (anchor image) is compared against a positive vector (truthy image) and a negative vector (falsy image). The negative vector will force learning in the network, while the positive vector will act like a regularizer.
As defined above, the Huber loss function is strongly convex in a uniform neighborhood of its minimum =; at the boundary of this uniform neighborhood, the Huber loss function has a differentiable extension to an affine function at points = and =. These properties allow it to combine much of the sensitivity of the mean-unbiased, minimum-variance ...
Illustration of gradient descent on a series of level sets. Gradient descent is based on the observation that if the multi-variable function is defined and differentiable in a neighborhood of a point , then () decreases fastest if one goes from in the direction of the negative gradient of at , ().