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A grand coalition is an arrangement in a multi-party parliamentary system in which the two largest political parties of opposing political ideologies unite in a ...
A cooperative game is given by specifying a value for every coalition. Formally, the coalitional game consists of a finite set of players , called the grand coalition, and a characteristic function: [4] from the set of all possible coalitions of players to a set of payments that satisfies () =.
Coalitions can be classified as internal or external. Internal coalitions consist of people who are already in an organization, such as a workplace. [7] For example, a trade union is a type of coalition formed to represent employees' wages, benefits, and working conditions.
The focus of the game is to find acceptable distributions of the payoff of the grand coalition. Distributions where a player receives less than it could obtain on its own, without cooperating with anyone else, are unacceptable - a condition known as individual rationality .
However, if the major parties are unable to assemble a majority, a grand coalition may be the only practical option. This was the case following the 2005 federal election, in which the incumbent SPD–Green government was defeated but the opposition CDU/CSU–FDP coalition also fell short of a majority. A grand coalition government was ...
Consider a transferable utility cooperative game (,) where denotes the set of players and is the characteristic function.An imputation is dominated by another imputation if there exists a coalition , such that each player in weakly-prefers (for all ) and there exists that strictly-prefers (<), and can enforce by threatening to leave the grand coalition to form (()).
In sociology and in political science, the term "the establishment" describes the dominant social group, the elite who control a polity, an organization, or an institution. In the praxis of wealth and power , the Establishment usually is a self-selecting, closed elite entrenched within specific institutions — hence, a relatively small social ...
Pure sociology is a theoretical paradigm, developed by Donald Black, that explains variation in social life through social geometry, meaning through locations in social space. A recent extension of this idea is that fluctuations in social space—i.e., social time —are the cause of social conflict.