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Field emission was explained by quantum tunneling of electrons in the late 1920s. This was one of the triumphs of the nascent quantum mechanics. The theory of field emission from bulk metals was proposed by Ralph H. Fowler and Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim. [1] A family of approximate equations, Fowler–Nordheim equations, is named after them.
Field-emission microscopy (FEM) is an analytical technique that is used in materials science to study the surfaces of needle apexes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The FEM was invented by Erwin Wilhelm Müller in 1936, [ 3 ] and it was one of the first surface-analysis instruments that could approach near- atomic resolution .
It was made by etching some material away to make a porous structure with a large surface area. As an electron emission point on an individual spike wears out, another is available to replace it, making the array more durable. [1] [2] A field emitter array (FEA) is a particular form of large-area field electron source. FEAs are prepared on a ...
Field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) is an electrostatic propulsion method based on field ionization of a liquid metal, and subsequent acceleration of the ions by a strong electric field. Sharp features such as needles are used to enhance and concentrate the strength of this electric field.
Erwin Wilhelm Müller (or Mueller) (June 13, 1911 – May 17, 1977) was a German physicist who invented the Field Emission Electron Microscope (FEEM), the Field Ion Microscope (FIM), and the Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope. He and his student, Kanwar Bahadur, were the first people to experimentally observe atoms. [1]
The FEI company was founded in 1971 as Field Electron and Ion Company by Dr. Lynwood W. Swanson, Mr. Noel A. Martin and Mr. Lloyd Swenson, as a supplier of electron and ion beam sources for field emission research and electron microscopy. [3] The name was shortened to FEI Company in 1973.
In condensed matter physics, the Nottingham effect is a surface cooling and heating mechanism that occurs during field and thermionic electron emission.The effect is named after physicist Wayne B. Nottingham who explained it in a commentary to 1940 experiments by Gertrude M. Fleming and Joseph E. Henderson.
A field-emission display (FED) is a flat panel display technology that uses large-area field electron emission sources to provide electrons that strike colored phosphor to produce a color image. In a general sense, an FED consists of a matrix of cathode-ray tubes , each tube producing a single sub-pixel, grouped in threes to form red-green-blue ...