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Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers. [1] [2] The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages to
A Byzantine fault is a condition of a system, particularly a distributed computing system, where a fault occurs such that different symptoms are presented to different observers, including imperfect information on whether a system component has failed.
Every request received by a non-failing node in the system must result in a response. This is the definition of availability in CAP theorem as defined by Gilbert and Lynch. [ 1 ] Note that availability as defined in CAP theorem is different from high availability in software architecture.
Problems and challenges related to distributed computing, distributed systems and distributed algorithms, including: Computational problems that have been studied in a distributed setting. Challenges related to dividing a computational problem into multiple tasks that can be solved in parallel. Challenges related to fault-tolerance and ...
Changes in network topology can have effects on both bandwidth and latency issues, and therefore can have similar problems. Multiple administrators, as with subnets for rival companies, may institute conflicting policies of which senders of network traffic must be aware in order to complete their desired paths.
Loose coupling in broader distributed system design is achieved by the use of transactions, queues provided by message-oriented middleware, and interoperability standards. [ 2 ] Four types of autonomy, which promote loose coupling, are: reference autonomy , time autonomy , format autonomy , and platform autonomy .
A fundamental problem in distributed computing and multi-agent systems is to achieve overall system reliability in the presence of a number of faulty processes. This often requires coordinating processes to reach consensus, or agree on some data value that is needed during computation.
In a distributed operating system, the exceptional degree of inherent complexity could easily render the entire system an anathema to any user. As such, the logical price of realizing a distributed operation system must be calculated in terms of overcoming vast amounts of complexity in many areas, and on many levels.