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Bilateria (/ ˌ b aɪ l ə ˈ t ɪər i ə /) [5] is a large clade of animals characterised by bilateral symmetry during embryonic development.This means their body plans are laid around a longitudinal axis with a front (or "head") and a rear (or "tail") end, as well as a left–right–symmetrical belly and back surface.
All bilaterians have some asymmetrical features; for example, the human heart and liver are positioned asymmetrically despite the body having external bilateral symmetry. [14] The bilateral symmetry of bilaterians is a complex trait which develops due to the expression of many genes. The bilateria have two axes of polarity.
English: Illustrating different forms of symmetry in biology - the three main forms (bilateral, radial and spherical). Cartoon form generated using shapes from biorender. To be used in the symmetry in biology page.
Humans find bilateral symmetry in faces physically attractive; [51] it indicates health and genetic fitness. [52] [53] Opposed to this is the tendency for excessive symmetry to be perceived as boring or uninteresting. Rudolf Arnheim suggested that people prefer shapes that have some symmetry, and enough complexity to make them interesting. [54]
A drawing of a butterfly with bilateral symmetry, with left and right sides as mirror images of each other.. In geometry, an object has symmetry if there is an operation or transformation (such as translation, scaling, rotation or reflection) that maps the figure/object onto itself (i.e., the object has an invariance under the transform). [1]
For an arbitrary shape, the axiality of the shape measures how close it is to being bilaterally symmetric. It equals 1 for shapes with reflection symmetry, and between two-thirds and 1 for any convex shape. In 3D, the cube in which the plane can configure in all of the three axes that can reflect the cube has 9 planes of reflective symmetry. [3]
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