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Particulate Matter: Atmospheric particulate matter or airborne particulate matter is the term for solid or liquid particles found in the air. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke, but fine particulate matter is tiny and is generally not visible to the naked eye.
Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.The term aerosol refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone, [1] though it is sometimes defined as a subset of aerosol terminology. [2]
List of most-polluted cities by particulate matter concentration; Mobile source air pollution – Air pollution emitted by motor vehicles, airplanes, locomotives, and other engines; Planned obsolescence – Policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life; Remote work – Employees working from any location
[15] [16] Lighter vehicles pollute less [15] and reducing vehicle kilometers traveled is another method of mitigating non-exhaust emissions. Reducing demand for private vehicle travel can be accomplished by various measures that increase the relative attractiveness of public transport and non-motorized modes relative to private vehicles.
The health effects of inhaling airborne particulate matter have been widely studied in humans and animals and include asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, premature death. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Because of the size of the particles, they can penetrate the deepest part of the lungs. [ 30 ]
The operation of any car results in non-exhaust emissions such as brake dust, airborne road dust, and tire erosion, which contribute to particulate matter in the air. [53] Particulate matter is dangerous for respiratory health. [54] [55] In the UK non-tailpipe particulate emissions from all types of vehicles (including electric vehicles) may be ...
In the late 17th century, Sir Isaac Newton had advocated that light was corpuscular (particulate), but Christiaan Huygens took an opposing wave description. While Newton had favored a particle approach, he was the first to attempt to reconcile both wave and particle theories of light, and the only one in his time to consider both, thereby anticipating modern wave-particle duality.
Exposure to particulate matter of less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter led to significant changes in ROS levels, indicating that particulate matter exposure was a causative agent of oxidative stress in Tigriopus japonicus. [42] In addition to aquatic invertebrates, negative effects of particulate matter have been noted in mammals as well.