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2. Noninvasive prenatal testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninvasive_prenatal_testing

   Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing, or NIPT, is a simple blood draw that screens for chromosomal abnormalities of a fetus while still in utero. When this screening was first performed it was used to determine the sex of a fetus, now it is also used to find aneuploidies in fetal DNA. [6]

3. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_autoimmune_diabetes...

   A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.

4. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

   The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.

5. Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development...

   Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that results from inability of the β-cells in the pancreas to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin to meet the body's needs. Insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production can also play a role by increasing the body's demand for insulin.

6. Diabetes and pregnancy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_and_pregnancy

   Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.

7. Noninvasive glucose monitor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noninvasive_glucose_monitor

   Noninvasive glucose monitoring (NIGM), called Noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring when used as a CGM technique, is the measurement of blood glucose levels, required by people with diabetes to prevent both chronic and acute complications from the disease, without drawing blood, puncturing the skin, or causing pain or trauma.