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A Liouville number is irrational but does not have this property, so it cannot be algebraic and must be transcendental. The following lemma is usually known as Liouville's theorem (on diophantine approximation), there being several results known as Liouville's theorem.
This might seem to be a much stronger result than Liouville's theorem, but it is actually an easy corollary. If the image of f {\displaystyle f} is not dense, then there is a complex number w {\displaystyle w} and a real number r > 0 {\displaystyle r>0} such that the open disk centered at w {\displaystyle w} with radius r {\displaystyle r} has ...
which does not satisfy Liouville's theorem, whichever degree n is chosen. This link between Diophantine approximations and transcendental number theory continues to the present day. Many of the proof techniques are shared between the two areas.
In conformal mappings, see Liouville's theorem (conformal mappings) In Hamiltonian mechanics, see Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian) and Liouville–Arnold theorem; In linear differential equations, see Liouville's formula; In transcendence theory and diophantine approximations, the theorem that any Liouville number is transcendental
The Liouville lambda function, denoted by λ(n) and named after Joseph Liouville, is an important arithmetic function. Its value is +1 if n is the product of an even number of prime numbers , and −1 if it is the product of an odd number of primes.
Siegel's theorem on integral points; Six exponentials theorem; Skolem–Mahler–Lech theorem; Sophie Germain's theorem; Størmer's theorem; Subspace theorem; Sum of two squares theorem; Szemerédi's theorem
Transcendental number theory is a branch of number theory that investigates transcendental numbers (numbers that are not solutions of any polynomial equation with rational coefficients), in both qualitative and quantitative ways.
The irrationality exponent or Liouville–Roth irrationality measure is given by setting (,) =, [1] a definition adapting the one of Liouville numbers — the irrationality exponent () is defined for real numbers to be the supremum of the set of such that < | | < is satisfied by an infinite number of coprime integer pairs (,) with >.