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The Sunda plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. [ 1 ] The Sunda plate was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian plate , but the GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia.
The Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Shelf today. The area in between is called "Wallacea"Sundaland [1] (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower.
A simplified map of the geological structures of Indonesia. The tectonics of Indonesia are very complex, as it is a meeting point of several tectonic plates.Indonesia is located between two continental plates: the Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Plate; and between two oceanic plates: the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate.
Together with the Greater Sunda Islands to the west, they make up the Sunda Islands. The islands are part of a volcanic arc, the Sunda Arc, formed by subduction along the Sunda Trench in the Java Sea. In 1930 the population was 3,460,059; [2] today slightly over 15.5 million people live on the islands.
It is separated from the Sunda Trench by a sag near Sumba Island at the Scott Plateau and the North Australian Basin, and on the other end becomes the Tanimbar Trough southeast of the Tanimbar Islands, continuing on to the Aru Trough east of the Kai Islands near the Bird's Head Peninsula on New Guinea. [1]
The Burma plate, showing boundaries with the India plate (the Sunda Trench) and the Sunda plate (through the Andaman Sea) The Burma plate is a minor tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, sometimes considered a part of the larger Eurasian plate. The Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, and northwestern Sumatra are located on the ...
The term "Sunda" has been traced back to ancient times. The name "Sunda" originates from the Sanskrit word "Cuddha," meaning white. During the Pleistocene era, there was a large volcano named Mount Sunda located north of Bandung in West Java. Its eruption covered the surrounding area with white volcanic ash, giving rise to the name "Sunda."
Geologically, the Sunda Shelf (/ ˈ s ʌ n d ə / [1]) is a south-eastern extension of the continental shelf of Mainland Southeast Asia. Major landmasses on the shelf include the Indonesian islands of Bali , Borneo , Java , Madura , and Sumatra , as well as their surrounding smaller islands. [ 2 ]