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The Sunda plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. [1]The Sunda plate was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian plate, but the GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia.
The Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Shelf today. The area in between is called "Wallacea"Sundaland [1] (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of Southeast Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower.
A simplified map of the geological structures of Indonesia. The tectonics of Indonesia are very complex, as it is a meeting point of several tectonic plates.Indonesia is located between two continental plates: the Sahul Shelf and the Sunda Plate; and between two oceanic plates: the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate.
The October 2010 earthquake is thought to have been a result of thrust faulting along or near the plate interface from the calculated focal mechanism and the focal depth. According to seismic hazard potentials and deformation features, the Sunda Trench can be divided into several segments. The southern segment lies to the south of Siberut Island.
The island is situated approximately 700 km (430 mi) north of the Sunda Trench marking the subduction zone separating the Australian Plate and the fixed Sunda Plate, atop an oceanic crust of less than 25 km (16 mi) in thickness. [10] In geologic terms, it has recently formed within the caldera of the Krakatoa volcanic eruption.
The tectonic plates & movements under Indonesia. The main islands of Sumatra, Java, Madura, and Kalimantan lie on the Sunda plate and geographers have conventionally grouped them, (along with Sulawesi), as the Greater Sunda Islands. At Indonesia's eastern extremity is western New Guinea, which lies on the Australian plate. Sea depths in the ...
The Sunda Trench, earlier known as and sometimes still indicated as the Java Trench, [1] is an oceanic trench located in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, formed where the Australian-Capricorn plates subduct under a part of the Eurasian plate.
Mid-oceanic ridge basalts form most of the oceanic basin south of Sunda, according to geodynamic studies. [3] These plates began to converge in the Early Miocene. [3] The Indo-Australian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate with a dip angle of 49–56 degrees. [4] The slab subducting under Java is continuous down to the lower mantle.