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Clopidogrel, sold under the brand name Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk. [10] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent ( dual antiplatelet therapy ). [ 10 ]
[55] [56] PPIs are commonly used in people with cardiovascular disease for gastric protection when aspirin is given for its antiplatelet actions. [55] [57] An interaction between PPIs and the metabolism of the platelet inhibitor clopidogrel is known and this drug is also often used in people with cardiac disease.
Metabolism of ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel to an active metabolite. Clopidogrel is a prodrug that is metabolized by two pathways. In one of the pathway most of the dose of clopidogrel (85%) is hydrolyzed by esterases to an inactive carboxylic acid derivate and rapidly cleared via glucoridination followed by renal excretion.
The H 2 receptor antagonists are a class of drugs used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach, decreasing the production of acid by these cells. H 2 antagonists are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, although they have been surpassed in popularity by the more effective [1] proton pump inhibitors.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins and thereby make the stomach more susceptible to injury. [2] Gastric cytoprotective drugs include carbenoxolone , deglycyrrhizinised liquorice , sucralfate (aluminium hydroxide and sulphated sucrose ), misoprostol (a prostaglandin analogue), bismuth chelate ...
The gastric mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to safely contain the gastric acid required for digestion. If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself.
Eighteen states and the ACLU filed lawsuits seeking to prevent President Trump from denying citizenship to children born in the U.S. to non-citizens.
It suppresses stomach acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H + /K +-ATPase system found at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. Because this enzyme system is regarded as the acid (proton, or H + ) pump within the gastric mucosa , omeprazole inhibits the final step of acid production.