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Valentinian was born in 321 at Cibalae (now Vinkovci, Croatia) in southern Pannonia [4] [5] into a family of Illyro-Roman origin. [6] Valentinian and his younger brother Valens were the sons of Gratianus (nicknamed Funarius), a military officer renowned for his wrestling skills.
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
Valentinian was born in Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, as the only son of Galla Placidia and Constantius III, who briefly ruled as emperor in 421. [3] His mother was the younger half-sister of the western emperor Honorius (r.
Provinces and regions of the Empire Roman Empire 100–500, with invading tribes and the Battle of Adrianople Command structure of Late Roman army High command structure of the West Roman army c. 410–425. The Valentinian dynasty was a ruling house of five generations of dynasts, including five Roman emperors during late antiquity, lasting ...
Theodosius was born in Hispania [16] [17] [18] on 11 January, probably in the year 347. [19] His father of the same name, Count Theodosius, was a successful and high-ranking general (magister equitum) under the western Roman emperor Valentinian I, and his mother was called Thermantia. [20]
Eugenius was emperor of the Western Roman Empire but was installed by a military officer following the mysterious hanging of his predecessor, Emperor Valentinian II. The unique circumstances put ...
After the death of Julian in Persia in 363, the Alemans, forgetting the treaty of truce which the emperor had extorted from them after his four successful campaigns beyond the Rhine (in 357, 358, 359, and 360), [1] renewed their incursions into Gaul, alleging as the pretext for war the contempt of Valentinian I's ministers in failing to supply them the accustomed tribute.
Valens [c] (/ ˈ v eɪ l ən z /; [11] Ancient Greek: Ουάλης, romanized: Ouálēs; 328 – 9 August 378) was Roman emperor from 364 to 378. Following a largely unremarkable military career, he was named co-emperor by his elder brother Valentinian I, who gave him the eastern half of the Roman Empire to rule.