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Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. [4] Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture.
Antepartum bleeding, also known as antepartum haemorrhage (APH) or prepartum hemorrhage, is genital bleeding during pregnancy after the 28th week of pregnancy up to delivery. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be associated with reduced fetal birth weight. [ 3 ]
The effect of pregnancy on platelet count is unclear, with some studies demonstrating a mild decline in platelet count and other studies that show no effect. [24] The white blood cell count increases with occasional appearance of myelocytes or metamyelocytes in the blood. [24] During labor, there is a rise in leukocyte count.
In those less than 36 weeks pregnant, corticosteroids may be given to speed development of the baby's lungs. [1] Treatment may require blood transfusion or emergency hysterectomy. [2] Placental abruption occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. [5]
For those after 36 weeks of pregnancy or with a significant amount of bleeding, cesarean section is generally recommended. [1] In those less than 36 weeks pregnant, corticosteroids may be given to speed development of the baby's lungs. [1] Cases that occur in early pregnancy may resolve on their own. [1]
36–37 weeks The chronology of ... Linea nigra in a woman at 22 weeks pregnant. ... [77] [78] Blood pregnancy tests are more sensitive than urine tests ...
Bloody show or show is the passage of a small amount of blood or blood-tinged mucus through the vagina near the end of pregnancy.It is caused by thinning and dilation of the cervix, leading to detachment of the cervical mucus plug that seals the cervix during pregnancy and tearing of small cervical blood vessels, [1] and is one of the signs that labor may be imminent. [2]
It is estimated that less than 1ml of fetal blood is lost to the maternal circulation during normal labour in around 96% of normal deliveries. [1] [2] The loss of this small amount of blood may however be a sensitising event and stimulate antibody production to the foetal red blood cells, an example of which is Rhesus disease of the newborn.