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Cultural artifact is a more generic term and should be considered with two words of similar, but narrower, nuance: it can include objects recovered from archaeological sites, i.e. archaeological artifacts, but can also include objects of modern or early-modern society, or social artifacts.
Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is usually considered an independent academic discipline , but may also be classified as part of anthropology (in North America – the four-field approach ), history or geography . [ 4 ]
Artifact analysis is determined by what type of artifact is being examined, the best. Lithic analysis refers to analyzing artifacts that are created with stones and are often in the form of tools. Stone artifacts occur often throughout prehistoric times and are, therefore, a crucial aspect in answering archaeological questions about the past.
Examining artifacts, both visually and using scientific tools such as x-rays, infrared photography and microscopic analysis to determine the extent and causes of deterioration. [7] Conservation science (sometimes called museum science) aids every aspect of a museum's mission to study its collections, both inside and out of the laboratory. [4]
Health humanities – application of humanities disciplines to discourse about, expression of, or the promotion of the dimensions of human health and well being. Medical humanities – is an interdisciplinary field of medicine which includes the humanities and their application to medical education and practice.
Examples of interventive treatments include the removal of discolored varnish from a painting, the application of wax to a sculpture, and the washing and rebinding of a book. Ethical standards within the field require that the conservator fully justify interventive actions and carry out documentation before, during, and after the treatment.
Pottery is an easily recognised form of material culture as it is commonly found as archaeological artifacts, representing cultures of the past. Material culture is the aspect of culture manifested by the physical objects and architecture of a society.
The 9th-century Viking Lloyds Bank coprolite, now at Jorvik Viking Centre, York. In archaeology, a biofact (or ecofact) is any organic material including flora or fauna material found at an archaeological site that has not been technologically altered by humans yet still has cultural relevance. [1]