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Certain JSON implementations only accept JSON texts representing an object or an array. For interoperability, applications interchanging JSON should transmit messages that are objects or arrays. The specifications allow JSON objects that contain multiple members with the same name.
In a JSON user group thread, Douglas Crockford incorrectly used the term "JsonML" to describe two variants: the "array form" and "object form". [3] This was a misuse of the term JsonML which has always stood to mean what Crockford referred to as the "array form".
The name "BSON" is based on the term JSON and stands for "Binary JSON". [2] It is a binary form for representing simple or complex data structures including associative arrays (also known as name-value pairs), integer indexed arrays, and a suite of fundamental scalar types. BSON originated in 2009 at MongoDB. Several scalar data types are of ...
JSON Pointer [10] defines a string syntax for identifying a single value within a given JSON value of known structure. JSONiq [11] is a query and transformation language for JSON. XPath 3.1 [12] is an expression language that allows the processing of values conforming to the XDM [13] data model. The version 3.1 of XPath supports JSON as well as ...
Streaming makes use of the fact that the JSON format does not allow return and newline characters within primitive values (in strings those must be escaped as \r and \n, respectively) and that most JSON formatters default to not including any whitespace, including returns and newlines. These features allow the newline character or return and ...
Length-prefixed "short" Strings (up to 64 bytes), marker-terminated "long" Strings and (optional) back-references Arbitrary-length heterogenous arrays with end-marker Arbitrary-length key/value pairs with end-marker Structured Data eXchange Formats (SDXF) Big-endian signed 24-bit or 32-bit integer Big-endian IEEE double
It contains JSON objects, JSON arrays, all kinds of XML nodes, as well as atomic values such as integers, strings, or boolean all being defined in XML Schema. JDM forms the basis for a set-oriented language, in that instances of the data model are sequences (a singleton value is considered to be a sequence of length one).
In PHP and R, all arrays can be associative, except that the keys are limited to integers and strings. In JavaScript (see also JSON), all objects behave as associative arrays with string-valued keys, while the Map and WeakMap types take arbitrary objects as keys. In Lua, they are used as the primitive building block for all data structures.