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HIV infection is becoming endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to just over 12% of the world's population but two-thirds of all people infected with HIV. [38] As of 2022, it is estimated that the adult HIV prevalence rate is 6.2%, a 1.2% increase from data reported in the 2011 UNAIDS World Aids Day Report.
[161] [162] The closest relative of HIV-2 is SIVsmm, a virus of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys atys), an Old World monkey living in littoral West Africa (from southern Senegal to western Côte d'Ivoire). [21] New World monkeys such as the owl monkey are resistant to HIV-1 infection, possibly because of a genomic fusion of two viral ...
Coronavirus diseases are caused by viruses in the coronavirus subfamily, a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
The infection of new-born chicks was characterized by gasping and listlessness with high mortality rates of 40–90%. [16] Leland David Bushnell and Carl Alfred Brandly isolated the virus that caused the infection in 1933. [17] The virus was then known as infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
The initial period following infection with HIV is called acute HIV, primary HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. [29] [30] Many individuals develop an illness like influenza, mononucleosis or glandular fever 2–4 weeks after exposure while others have no significant symptoms.
The transmission of COVID-19 is the passing of coronavirus disease 2019 from person to person. COVID-19 is mainly transmitted when people breathe in air contaminated by droplets/aerosols and small airborne particles containing the virus. Infected people exhale those particles as they breathe, talk, cough, sneeze, or sing.
People keep disparaging the imperfectly perfect Kansas City Chiefs as the NFL’s worst-ever 9-0 team. Thirty-four teams in NFL history have started a season 9-0. The Chiefs’ plus-58 point ...
Spike (S) glycoprotein (sometimes also called spike protein, [2] formerly known as E2 [3]) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. [4] The spike protein assembles into trimers that form large structures, called spikes or peplomers, [3] that project from the surface of the virion.