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In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.It terminates any ongoing biochemical reactions and may also increase the treated tissues' mechanical strength or stability.
Cryofixation is a technique for fixation or stabilisation of biological materials as the first step in specimen preparation for the electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. [1] Typical specimens for cryofixation include small samples of plant or animal tissue , cell suspensions of microorganisms or cultured cells , suspensions of ...
However, it is a good fixative when tissue structure with a soft and delicate texture must be preserved. The acetic acid in this fixative lyses red blood cells and dissolves small iron and calcium deposits in tissue. A variant in which the acetic acid is replaced with formic acid can be used for both fixation of tissue and decalcification. [3]
Chemical fixatives are used to preserve and maintain the structure of tissues and cells; fixation also hardens tissues which aids in cutting the thin sections of tissue needed for observation under the microscope. [5] [12] Fixatives generally preserve tissues (and cells) by irreversibly cross-linking proteins. [12]
Water and lipid tissues are replaced by curable polymers, which include silicone, epoxy, and polyester-copolymer. [3] The first step of plastination, fixation, [4] frequently uses a formaldehyde-based solution, and serves two functions. Dissecting the specimen to show specific anatomical elements can be time-consuming.
Zenker's fixative is a rapid-acting fixative for animal tissues. It is employed to prepare specimens of animal or vegetable tissues for microscopic study. It provides excellent fixation of nuclear chromatin, connective tissue fibers and some cytoplasmic features, but does not preserve delicate cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria.
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Soft tissue connects and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes muscle, tendons, ligaments, fat, fibrous tissue, lymph and blood vessels, fasciae, and synovial membranes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Soft tissue is tissue in the body that is not hardened by the processes of ossification or calcification such as bones and teeth .