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Rule 7 – Risk of Collision. [11] This rule requires all vessels to use all available means to determine if a risk of collision exists. [11] These include the proper use of marine radar and the taking of bearings by ship's compass to determine if there is a steady bearing and risk of collison. [11] Rule 8 – Action to Avoid Collision.
Diagram showing principle of constant bearing, decreasing range in marine collision avoidance. When an observer sees another vessel at a constant bearing and the range continually decreases, collision is imminent. A ship seen to be on a constant bearing with decreasing range will collide with the observer's ship unless avoiding action is taken.
The TSS rules are incorporated in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (Under Part B, Section I, Rule 10- Traffic Separation Schemes), SOLAS V/10 and the General Provisions on Ships' Routeing (GPSR). An individual TSS is controlled by a vessel traffic service.
The two-second rule tells a defensive driver the minimum distance to avoid collision in ideal driving conditions. The red car's driver picks a tree to judge a two-second safety buffer. The red car's driver picks a tree to judge a two-second safety buffer.
In 1996, the US had about 2 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles, compared to 1.9 in Germany, 2.6 in France, and 1.5 in the UK. [78] In 1998, there were 3,421 fatal crashes in the UK, the fewest since 1926; [ 79 ] in 2010, this number was further reduced to 1,857 and was attributed to the 2009–2010 scrappage scheme .
[5] [6] [7] Satisfying the ACDA rule is necessary but not sufficient ... and unilaterally reducing the risk of the latter can lead ... Time to collision [s] 5: 33 ...
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The three second rule is a time for the defensive driver to judge the minimum safe trailing distance to help avoid collisions under ideal driving conditions. The red car's driver picks a tree to judge a two-second safety buffer. The two-second rule is a rule of thumb by which a driver may maintain a safe trailing distance at any speed.