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Unless high blood levels of uric acid are determined in a clinical laboratory, hyperuricemia may not cause noticeable symptoms in most people. [5] Development of gout – which is a painful, short-term disorder – is the most common consequence of hyperuricemia, which causes deposition of uric acid crystals usually in joints of the extremities, but may also induce formation of kidney stones ...
The NSAID diclofenac has an antiuricosuric action, which may be partly responsible for the extraordinary toxicity of this drug in vultures. [6] Pyrazinamide, a drug indicated only for treatment of tuberculosis, is a potent antiuricosuric [7] and, as a consequence, has an off-label use in the diagnosis of causes of abnormal uric acid clearance. [8]
Notable indirect causes include uricosuric drugs, rapid breakdown of bodily tissues containing large quantities of DNA and RNA, and a diet high in purine. Medications that may contribute to the cure or amelioration of hyperuricosuria include allopurinol which acts by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and reducing uric acid production. [ 2 ]
It is often viewed as a first-line agent in most people with edema caused by congestive heart failure because of its anti-vasoconstrictor and diuretic effects. [ 4 ] [ 15 ] Compared with furosemide, however, torasemide (aka "torsemide") has been demonstrated to show improvements to heart failure symptoms, possibly lowering the rates of ...
Common side effects when used orally include itchiness and rash. [7] Common side effects when used by injection include vomiting and kidney problems. [7] While not recommended historically, starting allopurinol during an attack of gout appears to be safe. [8] [9] In those already on the medication, it should be continued even during an acute ...
Febuxostat, sold under the brand name Uloric among others, is a medication used long-term to treat gout due to high uric acid levels. [7] It is generally recommended only for people who cannot take allopurinol. [8] [9] It is taken by mouth. [7] Common side effects include liver problems, nausea, joint pain, and a rash. [7]
Loop diuretics usually have a ceiling effect whereby doses greater than a certain maximum amount will not increase the clinical effect of the drug. Also, there is a threshold minimum concentration of loop diuretics that needs to be achieved at the thick ascending limb to enable the onset of abrupt diuresis.
Low uric acid (hypouricemia) can have numerous causes. Low dietary zinc intakes cause lower uric acid levels. This effect can be even more pronounced in women taking oral contraceptive medication. [61] Sevelamer, a drug indicated for prevention of hyperphosphataemia in people with chronic kidney failure, can significantly reduce serum uric acid ...