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In computer science and mathematical logic, satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) is the problem of determining whether a mathematical formula is satisfiable.It generalizes the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) to more complex formulas involving real numbers, integers, and/or various data structures such as lists, arrays, bit vectors, and strings.
In computer science and formal methods, a SAT solver is a computer program which aims to solve the Boolean satisfiability problem.On input a formula over Boolean variables, such as "(x or y) and (x or not y)", a SAT solver outputs whether the formula is satisfiable, meaning that there are possible values of x and y which make the formula true, or unsatisfiable, meaning that there are no such ...
In the C++ programming language, argument-dependent lookup (ADL), or argument-dependent name lookup, [1] applies to the lookup of an unqualified function name depending on the types of the arguments given to the function call. This behavior is also known as Koenig lookup, as it is often attributed to Andrew Koenig, though he is not its inventor ...
For example, given the Boolean expression: = () will become: = () (), with ,,, …, being all distinct variables. This relaxes the problem by introducing new variables into the Boolean expression, [ 4 ] which has the effect of removing many of the constraints in the expression.
In computer science, a Boolean expression is an expression used in programming languages that produces a Boolean value when evaluated. A Boolean value is either true or false.A Boolean expression may be composed of a combination of the Boolean constants True/False or Yes/No, Boolean-typed variables, Boolean-valued operators, and Boolean-valued functions.
[1] [2] Indeed, a Boolean variable may be regarded (and implemented) as a numerical variable with one binary digit , or as a bit string of length one, which can store only two values. The implementation of Booleans in computers are most likely represented as a full word , rather than a bit; this is usually due to the ways computers transfer ...
A classic example of a problem which a regular grammar cannot handle is the question of whether a given string contains correctly nested parentheses. (This is typically handled by a Chomsky Type 2 grammar, also termed a context-free grammar .)
This seemingly straightforward search is problematic in Pascal because the array access a[i] would be invalid for i equal to 11. There is more than one way to avoid this problem. The following example introduces a Boolean variable which indicates whether or not the target character has been found: