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While silicon detectors cannot be thicker than a few millimeters, germanium can have a sensitive layer (depletion region) thickness of centimeters, and therefore can be used as a total absorption detector for gamma rays up to a few MeV. These detectors are also called high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe) or hyperpure germanium detectors.
The experiment used high purity enriched Ge crystal diodes as a beta decay source and particle detector. The detectors from the HdM (Heidelberg-Moscow [2]) and IGEX [2] experiments were reprocessed and used in phase 1. The detector array was suspended in a liquid argon cryostat lined with copper and surrounded by an ultra-pure water tank.
The clover is the first composite Ge detector. It remains widely used in the detectors of particle accelerators, where multiple clover modules form an array all around the target to capture the rays. More complex composite detectors, such as the 7-element hexagonal cluster detector used on the Euroball, offer even better data. [2]
Schematic representation of the electric segmentation of an AGATA detector. The parameters of the detectors are: [1] Maximum cylinder size: 90.0 mm length, 40.0 mm radius. Coaxial hole size: 10.0 mm diameter, extension to 13.0 mm from the front face. Passivation layers: 1.0 mm at the back of the detector, 0.6 mm around the coaxial hole.
In modern sets, a semiconductor diode is used for the detector, which is much more reliable than a crystal detector and requires no adjustments. [48] [81] [98] Germanium diodes (or sometimes Schottky diodes) are used instead of silicon diodes, because their lower forward voltage drop (roughly 0.3 V compared to 0.6 V [99]) makes them more sensitive.
Germanium is useful for monochromators for beamlines used in single crystal neutron scattering and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The reflectivity has advantages over silicon in neutron and high energy X-ray applications. [90] Crystals of high purity germanium are used in detectors for gamma spectroscopy and the search for dark matter. [91]
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Hypothetical beta decay seen by high-resolution (germanium mainly) and TAS detectors. There is a change in philosophy when measuring with a TAS. With a germanium detector (Ge), the energy peaks corresponding to individual gammas are seen, but the TAS detector gives a spectrum of the levels populated in the decay (ideal TAS).