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Frequent hand-washing is the usual cause, but it is also part of normal ageing. [3] Manicures, nail polish and remover, nail biting, and repeated trauma such as typing, can contribute to nail splitting. [1] Dehydration likely plays a role. [3] Nutritional deficiencies that can result in nail splitting include iron, selenium, and zinc. [1]
The cause is poorly understood due to a lack of research, but genome-wide scans indicate that it is a heritable trait, and could be autosomal dominant. [4] However, the wide variance in the size and structure of the accessory nail indicates that the trait may not follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance, and may instead be a complex trait affected by multiple genes with minor genetic effects.
Polyonychia can also be acquired, such as after an accident that affected the nail bed causing it to split. This type of polyonychia is just referred to as "post-traumatic split nail" [3] Polyonychia's syndromic causes include: Isolated congenital onychodysplasia [4] Polyonychia's non-syndromic causes include:
Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed. Common causes include localized infection, minor injury to the matrix bed, or severe systemic illness. It is sometimes a side effect of chemotherapy or x-ray treatments for cancer. A new nail plate will form once the cause of the disease is removed.
Muehrcke's lines were described by American physician Robert C. Muehrcke (1921–2003) in 1956. In a study published in BMJ, he examined patients with known chronic hypoalbuminemia and healthy volunteers, finding that the appearance of multiple transverse white lines was a highly specific marker for low serum albumin (no subject with the sign had SA over 2.2 g/dL), was associated with severity ...
Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital, mostly of the heart and lungs. [2] [3] When it occurs together with joint effusions, joint pains, and abnormal skin and bone growth it is known as hypertrophic ...