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Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is a fatty-acid metabolism disorder which prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food. [1] [2] [3] Those affected by this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that breaks down a group of fats called very long-chain fatty acids.
Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body is unable to process certain amino acids properly. [1]People with this disorder have inadequate levels of an enzyme that helps break down the amino acid valine, resulting in a buildup of valine in the urine, a symptom called valinuria.
Most individuals with G6PD deficiency are asymptomatic.When it induces hemolysis, the effect is usually short-lived. [5]Most people who develop symptoms are male, due to the X-linked pattern of inheritance, but female carriers can be affected due to unfavorable lyonization or skewed X-inactivation, where random inactivation of an X-chromosome in certain cells creates a population of G6PD ...
Patients must be monitored regularly for blood lactate levels, transaminase and plasma ketone levels. [18] There is some evidence that dichloroacetate reduces the inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and thereby activates any residual functioning complex. Resolution of lactic acidosis is observed in patients with E1 ...
Diagnosis is confirmed by a blood gas. [3] Treatment is generally with oxygen therapy and methylene blue. [3] Other treatments may include vitamin C, exchange transfusion, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. [3] Outcomes are generally good with treatment. [3] Methemoglobinemia is relatively uncommon, with most cases being acquired rather than ...
Vitamin B 12 deficiency Pernicious anemia; Folate deficiency; Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells) Genetic disorders of RBC membrane Hereditary spherocytosis; Hereditary elliptocytosis; Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia; Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) Pyruvate kinase ...
Treatment consists of dietary protein restriction, particularly leucine. During acute episodes, glycine is sometimes given, which conjugates with isovalerate forming isovalerylglycine, or carnitine which has a similar effect. [citation needed] Elevated 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is a clinical biomarker of biotin deficiency.
Alcohol intolerance is an inherited genetic disorder that impairs alcohol metabolism. [34] The increased accumulation of acetaldehyde in affected individuals due to deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes often leads to the characteristic symptom of having flushed skin.