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The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition.The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note [3] through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 ...
In twelve-tone technique, the inversion of a tone row is one of its four traditional permutations (the others being the prime form, the retrograde, and the retrograde inversion). These four permutations (labeled p rime, r etrograde, i nversion, and r etrograde i nversion) for the tone row used in Arnold Schoenberg 's Variations for Orchestra ...
Retrograde inversion is a musical term that literally means "backwards and upside down": "The inverse of the series is sounded in reverse order." [1] Retrograde reverses the order of the motif's pitches: what was the first pitch becomes the last, and vice versa. [2] This is a technique used in music, specifically in twelve-tone technique, where ...
"Mirror forms", P, R, I, and RI, of a tone row (from Arnold Schoenberg's Variations for Orchestra Op. 31, "Called mirror forms because...they are identical". [1]In music, a tone row or note row (German: Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set, [2] is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of the twelve notes in musical set theory of the chromatic scale, though both ...
To receive the inversion of any prime, each number value is subtracted from 12 and the resulting number placed in the corresponding matrix cell (see twelve-tone technique). The retrograde inversion is the values of the inversion numbers read backwards. Therefore: A given prime zero (derived from the notes of Anton Webern's Concerto):
Post-tonal music theory. Post-tonal music theory is the set of theories put forward to describe music written outside of, or 'after', the tonal system of the common practice period. It revolves around the idea of 'emancipating dissonance', that is, freeing the structure of music from the familiar harmonic patterns that are derived from natural ...
The Second Viennese School (German: Zweite Wiener Schule, Neue Wiener Schule) was the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils, particularly Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and close associates in early 20th-century Vienna. Their music was initially characterized by late- Romantic expanded tonality and later, a totally ...
Combinatoriality. Not to be confused with Combinatorics. In music using the twelve tone technique, combinatoriality is a quality shared by twelve-tone tone rows whereby each section of a row and a proportionate number of its transformations combine to form aggregates (all twelve tones). [ 1 ] Much as the pitches of an aggregate created by a ...