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Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
Jannik Bjerrum (son of Niels Bjerrum) developed the first general method for the determination of stability constants of metal-ammine complexes in 1941. [1] The reasons why this occurred at such a late date, nearly 50 years after Alfred Werner had proposed the correct structures for coordination complexes, have been summarised by Beck and Nagypál. [2]
Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification Changes in ocean chemistry can have extensive direct and indirect effects on organisms and their habitats. One of the most important repercussions of increasing ocean acidity relates to the production of shells out of calcium carbonate ( CaCO 3 ). [ 4 ]
Bjerrum plot of speciation for a hypothetical monoprotic acid: AH concentration as a function of the difference between pK and pH. Carbonic acid is the formal Brønsted–Lowry conjugate acid of the bicarbonate anion, stable in alkaline solution. The protonation constants have been measured to great precision, but depend on overall ionic ...
While the biological carbon pump fixes inorganic carbon (CO 2) into particulate organic carbon in the form of sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6), the carbonate pump fixes inorganic bicarbonate and causes a net release of CO 2. [46] In this way, the carbonate pump could be termed the carbonate counter pump.
The carbonate pump is sometimes referred to as the “hard tissue” component of the biological pump. [12] Some surface marine organisms, like Coccolithophores, produce hard structures out of calcium carbonate, a form of particulate inorganic carbon, by fixing bicarbonate. [13] This fixation of DIC is an important part of the oceanic carbon cycle.
Marine biogenic calcification is the production of calcium carbonate by organisms in the global ocean.. Marine biogenic calcification is the biologically mediated process by which marine organisms produce and deposit calcium carbonate minerals to form skeletal structures or hard tissues.
Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na 2 CO 3 ·NaHCO 3 ·2H 2 O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. [4] [6] It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production.