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A database shard, or simply a shard, is a horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine. Each shard may be held on a separate database server instance, to spread load. Some data within a database remains present in all shards, [a] but some appear only in a single shard. Each shard (or server) acts as the single source for this ...
MySQL Cluster, also known as MySQL Ndb Cluster is a technology providing shared-nothing clustering and auto-sharding for the MySQL database management system.It is designed to provide high availability and high throughput with low latency, while allowing for near linear scalability. [3]
This is also why sharding is related to a shared nothing architecture - once shared, each shard can live in a totally separate schema instance / physical database server / continent. Unlike simple horizontal partitioning of a single table, there's no ongoing need to retain shared access (from between shards) to the other unpartitioned tables.
Doris: MPP-based interactive SQL data warehousing for reporting and analysis, good for both high-throughput scenarios and high-concurrency point queries; Drill: software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications for interactive analysis of large-scale datasets; Druid: high-performance, column-oriented, distributed data store
an overall enterprise architecture that favors shared data models [5] over allowing each application to have its own, idiosyncratic data model. Even an extreme database-centric architecture called RDBMS-only architecture [6] [7] has been proposed, in which the three classic layers of an application are kept within the RDBMS. This architecture ...
The ANSI-SPARC Architecture (American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And Requirements Committee), is an abstract design standard for a database management system (DBMS), first proposed in 1975.
MongoDB is a source-available, cross-platform, document-oriented database program. Classified as a NoSQL database product, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas. Released in February 2009 by 10gen (now MongoDB Inc.), it supports features like sharding, replication, and ACID transactions (from version 4.0).
Each operation then has to obtain a read quorum (V r) or a write quorum (V w) to read or write a data item, respectively. If a given data item has a total of V votes, the quorums have to obey the following rules: V r + V w > V; V w > V/2; The first rule ensures that a data item is not read and written by two transactions concurrently.